Psychological Causes of Depression

Mental Causes of Depression The real reasons for discouragement are as yet obscure today however there are a couple of speculations that could help clarify them. It is broadly accepted by analysts and researchers that every single mental issue are realized by an unpredictable relationship of mental, organic, and social variables. A genuine misfortune, ceaseless disease, relationship issue, work pressure, family emergency, budgetary mishap, or any unwanted life change can light a burdensome issue (Psychologyinfo. om). Discouragement is a genuine issue in the United States and has just gotten increasingly common among people as their lives become progressively distressing and overpowering. One hypothesis for the reason for gloom is the bio-psycho-social model of causation and is the most usually perceived hypothesis for the reason for scatters, for example, despondency by experts. As expressed before, it comprises of a confounded relationship of mental, natural, and social factors.This can be brought about by changed degrees of hormones, which would clarify why numerous individuals first experience sadness during pubescence. (Grohol, 2006). The specific reasons for wretchedness are tremendous and obscure. A few kinds of gloom have been found in families from age to age, which may potentially propose that it very well may be acquired (Grohol, 2006). All things considered, significant sadness is by all accounts present many ages, in certain families, however not with a recurrence that recommends clear natural causes.Furthermore, it additionally happens in individuals who have no family ancestry of misery (Psychologyinfo. com). This is additionally found in individuals with bipolar turmoil. An examination on relatives that have a place with specific groups of every age that create bipolar scatters, has discovered that those with the sickness have a to some degree unexpected hereditary cosmetics in comparison to the individuals who don't have the turmoil. In any case , not every person with the hereditary cosmetics that is emotional to bipolar confusion will get the disorder.Additional factors, for example, worries at home, work, or school, are additionally associated with the disorder’s beginning (misery direct. com. , et al. ). A collection of mental variables seems to have an impact in the defenselessness to these unwavering sorts of sadness. Individuals who have low confidence, are not idealistic, and promptly overpowered by pressure, are inclined to misery (Grohol, 2006). More than likely, these mental components are totally responsible for different types of mellow and moderate misery, especially receptive depression.Reactive discouragement is by and large analyzed as a change issue during treatment. Social learning factors likewise exhibit why mental confusions seem to happen all the more consistently in relatives, all through ages. For instance, if a youngster is brought up in a cynical family unit, where demoralization is success ive and support isn't, the kid will set up a weakness to wretchedness also. (Psychologyinfo. com. , et al). As of late, analysts have discovered that physical changes in the body can be combined with mental changes as well.Medical sicknesses, for example, a malignant growth, Parkinson’s malady, stroke, respiratory failure, and hormonal issue can achieve a burdensome ailment. This can bring about the evil individual to feel uninterested with their wellbeing and be reluctant to additionally think about their physical needs. Also, any unpleasant change, monetary issues, relationship issues, or genuine misfortune can initiate a burdensome issue (Grohol, 2006). Despondency is a genuine developing issue in the United States.Modern science and exploration is gradually assisting with advancing interpret the turmoil to help moderate its development. More than 9. 2 million Americans have major or clinical sorrow. At a practical angle, gloom is a significant issue and should be represen ted, with an expected $30. 4 billion spent yearly on gloom related medicines, prescription, and diagnostics. Shockingly, the World Health Organization evaluates continuously 2020, misery will be the number two reason for, â€Å"lost long periods of sound living,† worldwide.As our populaces continues rising and our economy exacerbating, we can dare to dream that Psychologists help reduce the ailment of wretchedness. References â€Å"Cause of Depression: various reasons for discouragement. † Depression Treatment, Medication, Help, Symptoms: Anxiety Attacks Depression Test, Types, ADHD Causes. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. . â€Å"Causes of wretchedness. † Psychology Information Online. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. . Grohol, John M. â€Å"The Causes of Depression | Psych Central. † Psych Central †Trusted data in psychological wellness and brain research. 6 Dec. 2006. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. .

Fahrenheit451 essays

Fahrenheit451 articles In the book, Guy Montag, the principle character, starts to scrutinize the things around him when he meets a nearby young lady. He rapidly feels great with her and they start to have conversations about commonplace things that appear to open up Montags eyes. At that point one day, the young lady is no more. In a short hardly any weeks, he had gotten dependant on the young ladies organization. When she is gone, he winds up changed by having known her. At the point when he goes to chip away at one of the next days, there is an alarm. He and the other fire fighter hurry to answer the call, and find an elderly person in a house with books and magazines in her storage room. They rapidly assemble the unlawful materials, and splash them in lamp fuel. They are attempting to cajole the insane lady out of the house, when she draws out a match. Fellow stays and attempted to work her out of it, however is fruitless. This experience frequents him the entire night and into the following day. He do esnt go to work the following day, and his chief, Beatty, knows why. I imagine that this insane lady is a portrayal of the convictions of the Salem witch preliminaries. Individuals surrounding them were calling them fallen angel admirers and revealing to them that they were going to damnation. Despite the fact that they realized it would be sure passing, as did the insane woman, they stood quick with their convictions and kicked the bucket for them. She speaks to a fearlessness that most ordinary citizens dont have. She realized that she must be consistent with herself. Beatty comes to Guys house and comes clean with him about the cause of fire fighters. He reveals to him that individuals before the common war were straightforward. They had books, yet it didnt truly matter in light of the fact that there was no mass to it. When the mechanical unrest came to fruition, individuals quit needing all the abundance that was remembered for the book. Individuals turned out to be progressively keen on the snap finishing, the snappy result. Along these lines, individuals started to disregard showing things lik ... <!

Hwæt! Did you know that you can study Old English at MIT

Hwæt! Did you know that you can study Old English at MIT From the MIT Lit depts Spring 2014 course catalog: 21L.705 (Major Authors): Old English and Beowulf hwæt ?e gardena in geardagum þeodcyninga þrym gefrunon hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon… Those are the first words of the Old English epic Beowulf, and in this class you will learn to read them. Besides being the language of Rohan in the novels of J.R.R. Tolkien, Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is a language of long, cold, and lonely winters; of haunting beauty found in unexpected places; and of unshakable resolve in the face of insurmountable odds. It is, in short, the perfect language for MIT students. We will read greatest hits from the epic Beowulf as well as moving laments (The Wanderer, Wulf and Eadwacer, The Wife’s Lament), the personified Cross’s psychedelic and poignant account of the Crucifixion (The Dream of the Rood), and a host of riddles whose solutions range from the sacred to the obscene but are always ingenious. We will also try our hand at composing our own sentencesâ€"and maybe even poemsâ€"in Old English. England, 1530s CE: Dissolution of the Monasteries. King Henry VIII gave the word to take over or destroy the nations monasteries and monastic libraries, leaving us with single digit numbers of books from ancient collections of many hundreds. Youre probably wondering how youre expected to sleep for grief, so Ill try to comfort you with a scene from Tom Stoppards 1993 play Arcadia  (which MIT is currently putting on!) Thomasina: Oh, Septimus! can you bear it? All the lost plays of the Athenians! Two hundred at least by Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripedes thousands of poems Aristotles own library brought to Egypt by the noodle*s ancestors! How can we sleep for grief? Septimus: By counting our stock. Seven plays from Aeschylus, seven from Sophocles, nineteen from Euripides, my lady! You should no more grieve for the rest than for a buckle lost from your first shoe, or for your lesson book which will be lost when you are old. We shed as we pick up, like travelers who must carry everything in their arms, and what we let fall will be picked up by those behind. The procession is very long and life is very short. We die on the march. But there is nothing outside the march so nothing can be lost to it. The missing plays of Sophocles will turn up piece by piece, or be written again in another language. Ancient cures for diseases will reveal themselves once more. Mathematical discoveries glimpsed and lost to view will have their time again. You do not suppose, my lady, that if all of Archimedes had been hiding in the great library of Alexandria, we would be at a loss for a corkscrew? *Cleopatra Different fire, different lost texts, but I find the idea comforting all the same. While Henry VIIIs crew were burning books, theologians ran around trying to save their ancient texts from destruction. At some point, they opened some of these books and realized that they couldnt read them. This cryptic language was Old English. Old English was the language of warriors and mercenaries in England between 600 and 1100 CE; our more familiar Germanic-French fusion language took root when William the Conqueror brought the French language across the channel in 1066. To give you more perspective, Shakespeare (Shakespeare) wrote in Modern (well, Early Modern) English. Chaucer wrote in Middle English. Old English resembles modern German more than modern English (it was spoken pre-French influence) and I can guarantee that it would look like complete gibberish to you. In the spring, I told my Chaucer professor (Arthur Bahr; more on him here and here) that I was eager to learn Old English. In a nutshell, Prof. Bahr said well, if you find a critical mass of 5+ who quasi-commit to take it, Ill teach it! So, I found 5+ people who were willing to quasi-commit, and now Prof. Bahr is teaching the course. And 29 TWENTY NINE MIT students enrolled in it. (Id like to casually mention that Old English was offered at Harvard last semester and seven students enrolled.) Prof. Bahr thinks that the class is attractive to MIT students because not only is Old English awesome, its also extremely challenging, and MIT students tend to gravitate towards challenges. In this class, were starting from scratch (no prior Old English knowledge required!) and in a single semester will work our way into reading extracts from Beowulf. Right now, were zipping through the basics of grammar (demonstrative, interrogative pronouns, the past participle, conjunctive adverbs, subordinating conjunctions, prepositionals, predicates) and case (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental) since Old English is (like Latin, and unlike modern English) a case language. Were also zipping through the basics of pronunciation. Its a full-blown, intensive language course. In case you arent sufficiently jealous yet, are you a fan  of the Lord of the Rings universe? JRR Tolkien studied Old English texts, and the riddles that Bilbo exchanges with Gollum in The Hobbit come from Old English riddle collections. In this class, were going to read them in Old English. YEAH. When I announced my class schedule on Facebook, a friend commented with You still take each class from a different department? More on the rest of my classes later, but I want you to know that its totally possible to study Lots Of Things at MIT to be well rounded and still be successful in your major and your field. I just finished applying and being accepted to grad school, and am now trying to decide where I want to go. Im continuing with my astronomy research. I consider myself a scientist. But I am also studying Old English with an incredibly dedicated professor, and wouldnt think of taking advantage of MITs subject offerings any other way.

The Moral And Psychological Aspects Of A Brave New World

The moral and psychological aspects of A Brave New World is what encompasses the reactions, adjustments, and ultimate rejections of the main character’s personality and himself in general. John’s epiphany occurred when he moved from New Mexico to London which is exemplified through his reaction, adjustments, and his eventual rejection of civilization; therefore it illuminates the theme of individuality resisting conformity. After moving to London John was astonished by all the technological innovations but the awe soon turned to disgust upon realizing their taboo customs. For instance in the passage it says, â€Å"Oh!† He gave a gasp and was silent, gaping. He had seen, for the first time in his life, the face of a girl whose cheeks were not the colour of chocolate or dog skin, who’s hair was auburn and permanently waved, and whose expression (amazing novelty!) and was one of benevolent interest. †¦ and was so much overcome that he had to turn away and pretend to be looking very hard at something on the other side of the square (Pg. 36-37).† Here we bare witness to John’s stupefication when laying eyes on civilization, in the form of Lenina. The more John became exposed to all the new advances the more they began to repulse him. As is is shown in the passage, â€Å"What seemed to an interminable stream of identical eight year old male twins was pouring into the room. Tw in after twin, twin after twin, they came-a nightmare. Their faces, their repeated face for their wasShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Essay: Brave New World Versus 19841675 Words   |  7 Pagessociety to achieve their goals. A totalitarian leader controls the behavior and actions of its people in order to become powerful. In the novels, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and 1984 by George Orwell, two futuristic dystopias are depicted. Both of them show totalitarian rule, where liberty has been deprived by different means of control. In Brave New World, the control of society is maintained through a peaceful way that consists in convincing people of loving their lack freedom. On the other sideRead MoreThe Island Of Dr. Moreau, Wells And Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1492 Words   |  6 Pagesscience attempts to perfect every aspect of society. Technology without laws holds the danger to eliminate individuality and ultimately requires humans to assimilate to a new standard wit hout error and within the bounds of scientific advancement. In H.G. Wells’ novel The Island of Dr. Moreau, Wells argues the influence technology has on human nature and the power it holds when conducted without law. Similarly, Aldous Huxley presents a dystopia in his novel Brave New World, which is intended to be conceivedRead MoreA Brave New World vs. 1984991 Words   |  4 PagesA Brave New World vs. 1984 There are many similarities and differences between Aldous Huxleys A Brave New World and George Orwells 1984. With my analysis of both novels, I have come to the conclusion that they are not as alike as you would believe. A Brave New World is a novel about the struggle of John, ‘the savage, who rejects the society of the Brave New World when and discovers that he could never be truly happy there. 1984 is a novel about Winston, who finds forbidden loveRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. The government within the novel focuses solely on the bettering of technology and not scientific exploration and experimentation. The society’s values lie in instant gratification and constant happiness. The utopia is maintained through the means of drugs,Read MoreThe Enlightenment Belief And Understanding Through Science And The Scientific Inventions Of The Industrial Revolution1166 Words   |  5 PagesVanessa Sager Hour 7 World Literature 11/2/16 Due to the Enlightenment belief and understanding through science and the scientific innovations of the Industrial Revolution, society could be vastly improved through scientific progress in western culture. These advances were expected to take place in the 20th century. However, the brutality and scale of World War I and the world economic crisis in the 1930’s destroyed prior expectations and political powers emerged, such as Marxism, FascismRead MoreEthical And Logical Stand Point On Future Humanity1528 Words   |  7 Pagesthe terminology used can help one determine whether or not the two worlds that Huxley and Wells have presented are an ethical and logical stand point on future humanity. In Brave New World, they are creating gametes in dishes and growing â€Å"perfect† humans that are genetically modified to serve society in a certain way, in a certain class system. Once children are born they go through a conditioning process that gives them psychological ideas in what to do and what not to do within their society. TheyRead More The High Cost of Stability in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World3892 Words   |  16 PagesStability in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Conditioning the citizens to like what they have and reject what they do not have is an authoritative government’s ideal way of maximizing efficiency. The citizens will consume what they are told to, there will be no brawls or disagreements and the state will retain high profits from the earnings. People can be conditioned chemically and physically prior to birth and psychologically afterwards. The novel, Brave New World, takes place in the futureRead MoreSiddhartha Gautama s Life And Spiritual Religion1467 Words   |  6 PagesSiddhartha Gautama’s Life Spiritual religion is one of the main aspects of human civilization. Buddhism is one of four religions that have the most followers besides Christianity, Judaism, and Hinduism. Siddhartha Gautama, called Buddha, was the founder and awakened leader of Buddhism. His life has a great influence on this religious belief. Siddhartha’s Birth Siddhartha Gautama was born as the royal prince at Lumini (a place in Nepal now) in 6th century B.C.E. His father was the king of a clanRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences provoke abhorrence at the degrading impact of colonialism after he unveils Kurtz who had deteriorated from a civilizer to an evil, and power insatiable oppressor of the indigenous Africans. Marlow not only encounters Kurtz’s corruption but also braves the forces inside him that make him susceptible to Kurtz’s tendencies. In this book Marlow says Ive had to strike and to fend off. Ive had to resist and to attack sometimes--thats only one way of resisting--without counting the exact cost, accordingRead MoreMy Research For Brave New World1703 Words   |  7 Pages Cultural Clash In my research for Brave New World, I came across literary criticism that unveiled fresh perspective of the work when it comes to the psychology of characters. The idea of a perfectly stable world versus a world of recklessness and savagery that shape every aspect of human morale and convictions held at society’s core beliefs; which through psychological analysis of characters and how their external influences can vindicate questionable actions displayed by those in the novel. The

The French Indian War And The American Colonization Of...

Starting with Columbus in 1492, European countries (Spain, England, France, and Netherlands) began colonizing the New World in search of greater economic opportunity. As a result of the Columbian Exchange, a wide variety of animals, plants, and culture were traded between the New and Old Worlds, but causing widespread sickness among the Native American population. The English asserted their own presence in the New World by creating colonies stretching up and down the eastern coast of North America. However, mostly due to issues and events in Europe, the British left the colonists to their own devices (salutary neglect) and they prospered until the French-Indian War (1754-1763). The spirit of independence cultivated in the American colonists during the past era was challenged by the heightened British presence after the French-Indian War. The colonists increasingly resented the high tariffs placed to eliminate British debt and the colonists protested the British until open rebellion was sparked at Lexington and Concord. The Revolutionary War started in 1775, when a small number of colonists, at first, directly challenged the British presence in North America. This started a war which lasted 8 years, surprisingly ending in victory for the Americans, thanks to the leadership of George Washington and the assisting French forces. Shortly after the nation was established and the first president, George Washington, was inaugurated, the nation faced a domestic crisis. In huge debtShow MoreRelatedEssay Early European Exploration1055 Words   |  5 Pagesshores of what would later become North America more than 500 years ago. Not long after the first explorers had entered the New World they found out that they were not alone on this new frontier. Their neighbors in this new land were the Native Americans who had been there for centuries, virtually unaware of life outside the continent. Thus began an inconsistent and often times unstable relationship between the European settlers and the North American Indians. Two nations who had particularly interestingRead MoreEssay about Native American In Colonial America1167 Words   |  5 Pagesa faster water route to Asia. Along the way, Europeans explorers discovered a whole new continent, America. Thinking that he was in India, Christopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, called the indigenous Native Americans he met â€Å"Indians,† a misnomer that is still used frequently even up to this day. Europeans soon shifted their attention away from the water route to Asia but toward the colonization of the New World. With a desire to have a new life different from that of the Old World, many EuropeansRead MoreThe Causes And Effect Of The French And Indian War1146 Words   |  5 Pages 7 Years of War â€Å"French and Indian war† What were the causes and effect of the war? Ana Rodriguez 6th period 03/10/15 What were the causes and effect of the French and Indian war? â€Å"The last and most destructive of the four Anglo-French Colonial wars, was the French and Indian war.† Took place on 1754-1763, and together with its European counterpart, the seven years war. Start with England declaring war on France, and ending with the Treaty ofRead MoreThe French And Indian War1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe French and India war was a war that took place in today’s Pittsburgh. The war was both caused by the English and French. The English and the French both felt that they were entitled to land and each was to willing to fight and they were also, willing to go into war so they could prove that they owned the land. (odellreads.com) The French and India war started out as a dispute over land in the Ohio River Valley area, both the French and English settlers moved towards colonization of that areaRead MoreMotives of Exploration of the New World Essay823 Words   |  4 Pages Until the late 1400s, Europeans did not know the existence of the two American continents ( North and South America ). To the European explorers, exploring the other side of the Atlantic was like exploring an entire different world, hence the name- the New World. In 1492, Christopher Columbus unknowingly discovered the new continent. His original motives for exploring was to find an easier route to Asia but instead, he discovered the New World. Thus; Spain, France and England began sending outRead MoreColonization Of The United States1074 Words   |  5 PagesColonization in America has demonstrated all of the US history themes of exploration, encounter and exchange in the Americas. From the beginning of colonization, in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, to the establishment of the first American colony, Jamestown in 1607, and to the creation of the thirteen colonies, there have been countless examples of exploration, encounter and exchange. The exploration of vast waters and unchartere d territory led to new and undiscovered land and America being colonizedRead MoreThe Colonization Of Native Americans1377 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst people set foot in the Americas, and it is not until 1492 that the â€Å"first people† make their way as well. The Europeans walked in and saw the Natives as the wildlife of the region and considered themselves the founders, and the Native Americans were heavily influenced and conflicted with the tidal wave of European colonization. Following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, colonization of Native American territory began. Afterwards, life for Native Americans became rather harsh, and genocideRead MoreThe Control of England in North America and Demise of the Spanish Power in the Atlantic1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Control of England in North America and Demise of the Spanish Power in the Atlantic The year 1942 marked a division in the contemporary world history. There were a number of developments that would bring enormous effects for the Old and the New World Wars. The discovery of these developments changed the diets of both the western and eastern regions, assisted in initiating the Atlantic slave trade, and spread illnesses that had a destructive effect on populations in India, and resulted in theRead MoreThe Major Differences in the Colonization of North and South America between the French, Spanish and English and Subsequent Civil Rights.2019 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿The Major Differences in the Colonization of North and South America between the French, Spanish and English and Subsequent Civil Rights. The Major Differences in the Colonization of North and South America between the French, Spanish and English and Subsequent Civil Rights. Even in the twenty first century North America, the United States and Canada in particular, is viewed as a bountiful land with rich resources and numerous civil liberties that have inspired differentRead MoreAspects Of The English ( Anglo American ) And Spanish Societies Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesof the English ( Anglo-American) Spanish societies that arose in the Americas prior to 1790 Introduction The Europeans have contributed much to United States development from time immemorial. The north of America was colonized by Europeans. Their culture, social ideas, and language were common to those of North American. Consequently, European influence pre dominated their territories situated on the North despite losing their control politically. Civilization in America began between fifteen to

My First Morning At School Free Essays

It was the 17th March 1997. My first day of school. I dragged myself out of bed at 7:30 am. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Morning At School or any similar topic only for you Order Now I went to the toilet to wash my face, where I saw a big red spot on my forehead: that was the first sign of bad luck. I heard my mum coming out of her room:, â€Å"Are you ready for your big day?† â€Å"No†, I moaned anxiously, pretending to be sick. â€Å"You are going to school today, so don’t even try it!†. My mum could see right through me, and knew I wasn’t sick. I was really scared as I stepped through the front gates of what was about to be my new school, counting every step I took. My mum led me to the general office; we were 20 minutes late. I was really scared. I started to shake. My heart started beating twice as fast. I knew all of the children were already inside the classroom. They were going to watch every move I made. We were kept inside the office for about half an hour. Shortly after came a frightening old women with grey hair, who looked remarkably like Cinderella’s step mother. She came in and said to my mother, â€Å"Are you Miss Omar?† â€Å"Yes†, my mum said, sounding like a robot boring and repetitive, a blank expression on her face. â€Å"Come follow me. Right this way,† the women said, very happily. My mum and I followed her as she led us to my new classroom. She opened the door really slowly, causing the old and rotten door to make a terrifying noise. This attracted all the students’ attention. I was really embarrassed as I stood outside of the classroom. She went in and called the leading classroom teacher outside for a moment, to have a word with my mum. I was told to introduce my mother and myself, and teacher introduced herself; her name was Ms.Willis. I went inside the classroom with my teacher. Even though I was taller than most of them I felt as though I was surrounded by giants. Ms. Willis told everyone to sit on a nasty dirty carpet that had chewing gum all over it, which was at the back of the classroom, and told me to introduce myself to introduce myself to everyone. We were told to sit in alphabetical order: I was told to sit next to three girls. I was really nervous because they kept on looking at my forehead. I got really angry, and said, â€Å"Stop it!† in a really deep and angry voice. They were shocked and had puzzled expressions. My teacher came to me with a blank exercise book and a reading book, â€Å"Can you read?† I nodded my head knowing little of what she meant. â€Å"Read this book for me†, Ms. Willis said. I read the book with an awkward accent. She gave me the exercise book and told me to write my name, maths and 5W, because that was my class’s name. It was 12:00 pm. My teacher shouted out, â€Å"Stop what you are doing and line up outside†. I followed everyone as they stopped and lined up outside, and stood at the back of the line. My teacher came out locked the door and led us to this big shiny stairwell. It was so clean and shiny you could see your reflection on the floor. I stepped inside the stairwell: it was reeking of expired food. Every step I took, the smell was getting worse and worse. We finally got inside the dinner hall. It was big: there were 14 long tables inside it. You would have to be quiet to get your lunch but my table was noisy so we didn’t get to go first. We eventually got there I felt humiliated by the food the school was offering. It looked like food that was cooked yesterday. That was the final humiliation of the day. How to cite My First Morning At School, Papers

WordPress Lead Generation Plugins Hello Bar Alternatives

Youve got a great looking website that ticks all the right boxes with regards to design and content, but it doesnt convert visitors in a way that matches your expectations. You want more leads, more sales, and more targeted traffic? Then how about some WordPress lead generation plugins?Specifically, one potential solution  lies in notification bars, such as  the well-known  Hello Bar. These  are fantastic on-site conversion tools that  can be used to sell products, direct visitors to a landing page, or grow your email subscriber list.  They can also contribute to keeping visitors on your website – especially when paired with other tactics, such as  displaying popular posts in your sidebar.However, Hello Bar isnt the only notification bar solution available to WordPress users. In this post, well look at Hello Bar alternatives. And specifically the three of the best alternatives, comparing and contrasting them, so you can decide which solution is best for you.Lets get started!Hello Bar vs WPFront Notification Bar vs Notification Bar vs WordPress Notification Bar1. Hello Bar  (free and premium)OverviewHello Bar is one of the most popular WordPress lead generation plugins  on the market – and for good reason.Not only does it have a refreshingly sleek user interface, it also comes jam-packed with additional features, such as  built-in analytics and mobile-specific notification bars. Furthermore, it helps you to get the basics right via extensive customization options and various display modes.Pros and cons Stunningly simple user interface Enables  bars, popups, sliders, and page takeovers Mobile-specific features Built-in analytics Targeting rules for specific visitors or actions Integrates with MailChimp and other major email newsletter platforms Hello Bar branding will be displayed unless you opt for one of the paid plans Ads are  shown to one in every ten visitors on the free planWho is Hello Bar best suited for? Hello Bar co mes bundled with some advanced marketing features, but it also imposes branding and ads on your website when  using its free plan. With that in mind, Hello Bar is ideal for established marketers who wont flinch at spending a minimum of $15 per month on Hello Bars premium plans.2. WPFront Notification Bar  (free plugin)OverviewWith all of its settings squeezed into one page, WPFront Notification Bar is a relatively simple solution when it comes to WordPress lead generation plugins. However, it boasts some powerful features that  enable you to easily configure campaign dates, select specific pages or categories on which to display notification bars, and even target specific user roles.WPFront Notification Bar isnt  quite as comprehensive  as Hello Bar when it comes to customization, but it doesnt impose any branding or adverts either, and its free! WPFront Notification BarAuthor(s): Syam Mohan 90%Ratings 188,117Downloads WP 4.0+Requires More info wpfront-notification- bar.1.7.1.zipCurrent Version: 1.7.1Last Updated: May 6, 2019 90%Ratings 188,117Downloads WP 4.0+Requires WordPress.org Plugin Page WPFront Notification Bar Pros and cons Creates  a professional looking notification bar Configure start and end dates for campaigns Select the pages on which the notification bar displays Choose  which user roles will see the notification bar No built-in analytics Not quite as  user-friendly as Hello BarWho is WPFront Notification Bar best suited for? For a free tool, WPFront Notification Bar packs some detailed targeting features.  For this reason, we recommend this plugin to marketers looking  to target different segments of their audience with personalized content.3. WordPress Notification Bar  (free plugin)OverviewSimplicity is WordPress Notification Bars biggest attraction – its extremely quick and easy to set up  due to the  minimalist options at your disposal.  There are just seven settings that you can tinker with, including writing your message, creating  your button copy, and choosing a custom background color.However, similar to WPFront Notification Bar, there is a considerable lack of targeting and analytics options. WordPress Notification BarAuthor(s): SeedProd 90%Ratings 120,077Downloads 3.0.0Requires More info wordpress-notification-bar.1.3.9.zipCurrent Version: 1.3.9Last Updated: December 13, 2017 90%Ratings 120,077Downloads 3.0.0Requires WordPress.org Plugin Page WordPress Notification Bar Pros and cons Almost no set-up required Notification bars can be sticky, making them scroll with the page Customization options are  very limited No targeting options A lack of  built-in analyticsWho is WordPress Notification Bar best suited for? If youre looking for simplicity – mainly due to its very small number of settings available – WordPress Notification Bar will be right up your street.4. Notification Bar  (free plugin)OverviewNotification Bar is the happ y  medium between WPFront Notification Bar and WordPress Notification Bar. It serves up  a relatively small number  of customization options when compared to the former, yet enables  more modifications than the  latter. The notification bars message, for example, can be given a custom color, and you can also configure the bar to display at the bottom of your website rather than  the top.All this makes it a good middle-ground player among WordPress lead generation plugins.Item not found:"notification-bar"does not exist.Pros and cons Strikes a  healthy balance between simplicity and  customizability Includes header and footer positioning options Benefits from enhanced coloring options when compared to WordPress Notification Bar Lacks  built-in analytics No targeting optionsWho is Notification Bar best suited for? As previously mentioned, Notification Bar strikes a nice balance between being quick to set up and producing a  customizable end product. Its ideal for th ose looking to customize the color of their notification bars, as well as for those who wish to display them  within their sites  footer.ConclusionGreat design and content are, of course, important for drawing traffic. However, converting visitors into paid customers before they navigate away from your site is just as crucial. Notification bars can help by displaying lead generating content  in prominent positions on your  pages.Hello Bar has long been a go-to  notification bar solution, and one of the top WordPress lead generation plugins, but there are a number of other worthy competitors you should be aware of – and many of them can do a stellar job with no cost attached.  Lets recap the solutions weve covered:Hello Bar: Ideal  for marketers with a budget.WPFront Notification Bar:  Suitable for those  who wish to target specific segments of their audience.WordPress Notification Bar:  Recommended for those wanting  a minimal and stress-free setup proce ss.Notification Bar: Ideal for those looking for a quick setup, along with advanced color customization and footer positioning.Are you a fan of any of the WordPress lead generation plugins / notification bar plugins above, or do you favor  another alternative to Hello Bar? Let us know in the comments section below!

Rules and Regulations of Youth Basketball

Rules and Regulations of Youth Basketball Team sports fill an important role in childrens lives. It teaches kids the importance of teamwork and provides an entertaining outlet for physical activity. Recreation is an important element in life and can help an individuals development both mentally and physically. Playing sports can also improve a childs self-esteem, help him develop strong interpersonal and leadership skills, and teach him the value of listening to his coach. Basketball is a fantastic sport for kids to play. Its relatively inexpensive and doesnt require much equipment. Most playgrounds, recreation centers, and gyms have basketball goals. At  least two kids and a basketball are all that are necessary to play. If youd like to get the kids in your neighborhood or homeschool group active, you may be interested in forming a basketball league. Before you get started, its important to understand the rules and regulations of youth basketball. Philosophy of Youth Basketball The philosophy of youth basketball is to offer the participants a high-quality program that will teach the basic fundamentals and the  offensive and defensive philosophy of the game. Learning good sportsmanship and teaching all participants to respect their coaches, officials, fellow players, and the rules is also an important part of youth basketball. Length of Playing Periods There will be four eight-minute periods for all divisions (except varsity and senior division). Varsity and Senior division will play four ten-minute periods. Every period will be on a running clock that is only stopped for timeouts and technical fouls. The Clock The clock will be stopped during the last two minutes of the game on all dead ball situations for all divisions (except Pee Wee division). If the point difference is ten points or more, the clock will remain running until the score arrives at less than ten points. Basketball Half Time The 1st and 2nd periods will constitute the 1st half; 3rd and 4th periods will constitute the 2nd half. Half time will be three minutes in duration. Timeouts in Basketball Each team will be allowed two timeouts in each half. The timeouts must be taken in their respective halves or they will be lost. There are no accumulations of timeouts. Player Participation Every player must play four minutes of each quarter, eight minutes per half for Pee Wee and Junior Varsity. Varsity and Seniors must play five minutes of each quarter, ten minutes per half. Every player must also sit out half of each period during the game, so as not to play the whole game, except in the case of injury or health problems. Sickness: Once the game has started and a player becomes sick or is unable to continue during a game, the coach of the player must enter, in the score book, the players name, time, and the period. The player will be ineligible to re-enter the game.Discipline: If a player misses consecutive practice without an excuse the coach will notify the site director. The site director will immediately notify the parents of the players. If these violations continue, the player will not be eligible to participate in the next game.Injury: If a player is injured and removed during a game, the player will be eligible to re-enter per the discretion of his/her coach. The partial period of play will constitute one full period for the injured player. Any player may be substituted for the injured player if the player participation rule is not affected. The player participation rules must be strictly enforced with  one full period of play for each player per half. Must Sit Rule: Every player must sit out at least half of the period. 20-Point Rule If a team has a 20-point lead at any time during the game, they will not be allowed to employ a full court press or a half-court press. No pressure is allowed. It is recommended that top players are removed and the substitutes play (only if player participation is not compromised). In the 4th period, and with a 20-point lead, the coach must take his top players out until the point difference is less than 10 points. Youth Basketball Pee Wee Division The Pee Wee Division consists of up to 10 players, ages 4 and 5,  with four players and coach on the court. Basket height:  6 feet, Basketball size: 3 (mini), Free throw line: 10 feet.​ Rules: The league will not adhere to a rule book. Since most of the participants do not understand fouls or violations, the officials will use their best judgment during the game. Penalties/violations will only be enforced if a player is gaining an advantage.Exception: Key violations - none and traveling - three steps.Defense: Teams may play zone or  man-to-man  at any time during the game. There are no limitations. Zone defense is highly recommended.Press: Teams may defend the ball only after the ball penetrates the half court line. The defensive players may not defend until the ball penetrates the half court line. No full court press.1st Pass/Back-court Rule: After the defensive player secures the  rebound, the 1st pass must be in the back-court, to the coach.Free Throws: Each player will shoot at least one free-throw prior to the start of play. Each successful free-throw will be recorded in the score book and count in the teams overall score. Officials will administer the fr ee throws. A player who missed will be allowed to shoot an extra shot to balance the team attempts, the free-throw line will be designated by the officials. A shooter may touch the line, but not cross completely over the line with his/her foot, on free-throw attempts. Players: Teams may have a maximum of four players on the court. The coach will be on the court on offense to help  dribble  and move the ball around. (The coach may not shoot the ball.) The coach may be on the court at the defensive end, may not play defense, and only coach defensively without physical contact. Youth Basketball Junior Varsity (J.V.) Division The J.V. Division consists of up to 10 players, ages 6 and 7, with five  players on the court. Basket height: 6 feet, Basketball size: 3 (mini), Free throw line: 10 feet Defense: Teams may play zone or man-to-man at any time during the game. There are no limitations. Zone defense is highly recommended.Press: Teams may defend the ball only after the ball penetrates the half court line. The defensive players must stay in the three-second area until the ball crosses the half court line.Foot in the Paint: Each defensive player must put at least one foot in the paint and stay in the 3-second area until the ball crosses the half court line.Three Second Violation: An offensive player may not be in the key (paint) for 5 seconds or more, This will be a violation against the offending team.Free Throws: Each player will shoot at least one free throw prior to the start of play. Each successful free-throw will be recorded in the scorebook and count in the teams overall score. Referees will administer the free throws. Both teams will shoot free throws at the same time but at different baskets. A player who has missed will be allowed to shoot an extra shot to balan ce the team attempts, the free-throw line will be at the dotted line inside the key. A shooter may touch the line, but not cross completely over the line with his/her foot on free-throw attempts. Youth Basketball Varsity Division The Varsity Division consists of up to 10 players, ages 8-10, with five  players on the court. Basket height:  10 feet, Basketball size: intermediate, Free throw line: 15 feet Defense: Any half-court defense may be played during the game.Press: Teams may full-court press only during last 5 minutes of the game. Any press is allowed.​Penalty: Only one warning per half for each half, a team  technical foul  will follow.Free Throws: The free-throw line will be at 15 feet. Shooters may touch the line but not completely cross over the line with his/her foot on free-throw attempts. Youth Basketball Senior Division The Senior Division consists of up to 10 players, ages 11-13, with five players on the court. Basket height: 10 feet, Basketball size: official; Free throw line: 15 feet. Defense: Teams must play man-to-man defense in the entire 1st half. Teams may play either man-to-man or zone defense in the second half.Penalty: One warning per team and then a team technical foul will be assessed.Man-to-man Defense: The defensive player must be within a six feet guardian position, A defensive team may double-team a player who has the basketball. Defensive team cannot double-team a player who does not have the ball. Officials will give one warning per half to each team. Further infractions will result in a technical foul.Press: Teams may employ a full-court press at any time during the game. During the first half, the teams must play only a man-to-man full court press, if they decide to press. Youth basketball is a low-cost team sport option that provides an opportunity for kids of all ages to reap the benefits of physical activity and sportsmanship. It also provides children the chance to learn the basics of the game so that those with the talent and inclination are ready to play at the high school level.

How to Get a Job With No Experience

How to Get a Job With No Experience To get experience, you need a good job. To get a good job, you usually need†¦experience. If you don’t have either one of those right now, that’s a pretty major Catch-22, no? Before you get caught in a vicious cycle of despair over the unfairness of that conundrum, don’t panic- it is definitely possible to get a job without experience. Everyone (seriously, everyone!) has to start somewhere. No one just wakes up one day as a mid-level manager with stock options and a 401(k). Let’s talk about ways to get up and running on your career path without having tons of experience yet. 1. 3 Ways to Prepare for the No-Experience-Yet Job Hunt2. The Resume3. The Interview4. Wrapping It Up  3 Ways to Prepare for the No-Experience-Yet Job HuntBefore you start your job hunt for that entry-level position or a new-to-you career, there are things you can do to set yourself up for success, long before you even submit a resume or application.1. Know your industry.A little research goes a long way when you’re just starting out. Google the heck out of your target industry. Get a sense for what kind of company you want to work for, and what those companies are like. It’s important to look at their official websites, but also look for news, online forums, and other information that comes up as well. The corporate site can give you the official line on a company’s mission, goals, and culture, but the other sites can cut through the mist of heavy branding and give you a clearer sense of what it might be like to actually work for that company.Digging around is also a good way to get a read on how healthy your industry is. For example, if you have your heart set on becoming a graphic designer for an advertising company, but you’re uncovering a lot of stories about how big ad agencies are not doing so hot, revenue-wise, then you might want to step back and reset your expectations about the number of jobs that may be available.2. F ind your people.Networking is one of the best (if not THE best) ways to get the inside scoop on job openings or companies. Still, like with jobs in general, it’s hard to get networked in your field if you haven’t really worked in it yet. Here’s where you need to be bold and proactive. You may not be starting from nothing here- if you’ve graduated recently, chances are your alma mater has an alumni networking group, or maybe even career mentors that you can email/talk to.And there’s always social media. You don’t need experience to start fleshing out your LinkedIn profile with groups related to the industry and job you want. Start following prominent people in your field, and try to stay on top of the conversations happening around them.There’s always the good old-fashioned version of networking, where you find meetup events or open houses and show up on time, looking spiffy with a seltzer in hand and a nametag on your chest. If your f ield doesn’t have any special networking groups or events, there are plenty of sites that can help you find your career tribe. They can help link you up with the right people, in a room for cheese cubes and pleasant professional conversation with like-minded people:Meetup – Not just for Harry Potter enthusiasts and extreme knitters, Meetup brings people together professionally in addition to socially. And if you’re looking for a group that shares your passion for kayaking AND graphic design, then you might be in luck!Eventbrite – Like Meetup, Eventbrite is focused entirely on user-created events, and lets you search by keyword and location to find career-related events in your area.NetParty – Heavy on the â€Å"party,† this is one of the most popular networking sites for young professionals.Mediabistro – A portal for all things media-career-related, featuring a constantly updated job board and a heavy schedule of events and networking opportunities.Dames Bond – One of the premier career networking sites for women, according to Forbes.3. Be ready to start from the bottom.You’re probably looking for a full-time job in your chosen field, but sometimes that can be tough at the start. If that door feels stuck, look for windows. A lot of companies hire temporary or part-time employees on a project basis, or as a trial before hiring them full-time. An easy way to broaden your job search is to search for contract/freelance jobs and part-time jobs in addition to full-time positions. By doing so, you can come across really great opportunities that would have been shut out by checking the â€Å"full-time† or â€Å"permanent† box on the search form. This first job may not be The One That Makes Your Career, but it doesn’t really need to be. Ideally, you want something that will help you build your bona fides, which you can use on the path to the job you really, really want.Don’t thin k that landing anything but a full-time job in your chosen career path is a distraction from or a sacrifice of your short-term career goals. In reality, you’re building a better resume, and repositioning yourself as someone with more experience than you brought in.The ResumeI’ll be honest: the resume is the trickiest part of the job hunt when you don’t yet have a lot of experience under your belt. Resume readers (of the human or computer variety) are big on keywords and bullet points. And if your resume is little more than your name, address, education, and high school summer jobs right now, you need to bulk it up, or risk being skipped over completely by someone (or some machine) who doesn’t understand how awesome you are, and how much you’ll bring to the table.Format WiselyThe traditional resume format, the old standby â€Å"reverse chronological† (which lists your experience, moving backward through your career) can be very unforgiving to someone who is just starting out, or who is looking to change careers. We’ve got you covered on how to write a resume, but first you need to figure out the best format for what you want to emphasize.Without experience, your best friend might be the skills-based resume, where instead of listing your jobs and experience first, your skills are front and center. Business Insider has a handy sample to show how a candidate with limited experience can frame those skills and building blocks in a cohesive resume: The most important thing to remember is that although you might not have a ton of career-specific experience yet, you definitely have skills. Be sure to pull anything you can use into your resume- skills, volunteer experience, internships, etc. Even if they’re not directly related to the job you want, each one contributed to your overall skill set. You want to be able to show that you have the tools to get the job done, even if you’re not super-experienced.The InterviewSo someone saw your resume, and saw that you have great potential for this job. Next battle: the interview. Let’s say you’ve done your homework on the company; you’ve dry-cleaned your best suit; you’ve practiced your handshake and your most confident â€Å"hire me† smile in the mirror; you have a list of questions ready to go. All that good work could be for naught if you get in there and are hit with one simple question that gives you pause: â€Å"Why should we hire you?† If you’re short on work experience, that question can be a very tough one, since you can’t fall back on a statement like, â€Å"Well, with my years of experience working with widgets, I know that I can increase sales by a significant amount.†To get around that awkward moment and avoid looking like a deer in headlights, come prepared with anecdotes that show how you solved situations like you’d face on the job, and bullet points about yo ur skills. Know what skills you have that will directly apply to the job you’re applying for, and practice those ahead of the interview so that you can whip them out with cool confidence on the spot. For example, if you’re asked why you should be hired as a marketing assistant, talk about the time you spent organizing social media and word-of-mouth for your club’s fundraiser in college. If you want to show your people skills, tell the interviewer about a time you brought people together to get a project done. The interviewer will already know (having your resume right in front of them) that you don’t have the most job experience. What they need to know in the interview is that you will take the experience and skills you already have, and be able to thrive in this new job. If you can sell it, they can buy it.Wrapping It UpMoral of the story here: if you don’t have experience, don’t panic. Getting that entry-level or first job in the field can be daunting, but you already have lots of great tools at your disposal to package yourself. Once you build your network, your resume, and your confidence, you’re in a much better place to go out there and get the job.Good luck!

To what extent is Green & Blacks importants to mayan community in Essay

To what extent is Green & Blacks importants to mayan community in Belize - Essay Example While Guatemala has decimated the forests and destroyed the wildlifes habitat with chemicals, Toledo has taken an organic approach. Coming back from the edge of destruction just 12 years ago, Toledo has profited by implementing environmentally and socially responsible programs that have been able to sustain and return a steady growth rate along with numerous social benefits. The Mayans in Toledo market a product that is produced by a set of strict internationally accepted guidelines under the brand name Maya Gold, marketed by Green & Blacks Organic. Justino Peck, chairman of the Toledo Cacao Growers Association (TCGA) says, "[†¦] we have all the birds and animals with us for our grandchildren to see" (as cited in Purvis, 2006). In 1993 the head of Whole Earth, Craig Sams, came to an agreement with the TCGA to grow and market organic cacao. Sams fledgling company had only recently been expelled from Togo West Africa due to political instability. Belize was open to fresh ideas after the United States Aid for International Development had abandoned the area after years of farming based on massive chemical applications. These years had left the land barren and the farmers destitute. Sams proposed organic methods and guaranteed a minimum price for the cacao, no chemical applications, and an operation that was based on Fairtrade principles. He guaranteed to purchase all of the organic cacao the TCGA could produce to be marketed under the Green and Black label. An alliance with the principles of Fairtrade, and an economy that was receptive to fresh ideas, paved the way for the future success of the TCGA, One of the basic components that would be necessary for the long term viability of Green and Blacks new product, Maya Gold, would be the accurate prediction of an increase in demand. Sams had agreed to guarantee twice the market price in anticipation of growing demand. A 1994 survey reported that 63% of the people in the United Kingdom would be willing to pay more

Probation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Probation - Research Paper Example It further indicates that probation can be prearranged by way of suspended sentence or a conditional discharge. Probation can include disposition such as intermittent sentence, fine, imprisonment for term not more than two years and conditional sentence. A probation order comes in on the day it is made and if it is to follow incarceration, it is made on the finishing term of the prisons. Probation order comes into effect at the conditional sentence expiration. Probation orders cannot be made to run consecutive to another order. Again, it cannot remain in force for more than three years and can only end on the expiry date unless there is termination or revocation of the order by the court. According to Mcscs.jus.gov (2011), breach of probation by the offenders without logical excuse, is termed as an indictable offence and can fetch a maximum penalty of not more than two years and also the offence is punishable on conviction summary and jail penalty not exceeding 18 month or a fine not exceeding 2,000 dollars. The suspension of the sentence permits an appositive action to be taken may be either the execution of the sentence of suspension or imposition of the sentence of the suspension. ... violation of probation, the judge usually suspends sentence imposition and the judge looks for additional material of information on which to base a decision regarding the imposed sentence. There are conditions of probation which are laid where a probation officer has authority to supervise a person who has been put on probation with a reporting condition. Mcscs.jus.gov (2011) states that form of reporting and frequency are outlined by the court. Where the condition is phrased as â€Å"report as directed† and a reporting schedule is outlined, the probation officer completes a comprehensive assessment to determine frequency and intervention of reporting based on the offender’s analysis risk to re-offend and need in areas linked with conduct of the criminal. Hough (2006) states that probation is explicitly people-focused compared to other mixed value system at officer level in the prison services. People-focused values often coincide with those liberal values towards enfo rcement, punishment and the number of times that an offender should be given when their lives are in chaos. In probation services, the government’s assumption is that the senior management has more control and that they have what is needed to secure judicial and public confidence. Although there have been problems in the early and mid 1990s with the primacy given to probation staff to the expense of control and with failure to enforce the conditions of probation orders with acceptable rigors; national association of the police organization (NAPO) has dealt with these cases pretty decisively. Since then, energy for probation enforcement has improved continuously and the role of probation in the community for delivering punishment is now an accepted fact. However, in the process, the workforce

Introduction To Electrochemical Sensors Xi Meng Engineering Essay

Introduction To Electrochemical Sensors Xi Meng Engineering Essay This paper is mainly focused on three parts: introduction to electrochemical sensors Simply describe the working principle, main components breathable film, electrode, electrolyte and filter ,influencing factors and selectivity 3)Introduce sensor types (potentiometric sensors, voltammetric sensors and amperometric sensors, review and discuss some examples (Solid-State Reference Electrodes, Ion selective, Carbon Based Materials, Novel Materials/ composites) on the research of electrochemical sensors classified by sensor type for future research. [Key Words] Electrochemical sensor, electrode, potentiometric, Ion selective It can be tracked back to the 1950s, when electrochemical sensor was first used to monitor oxygen. To the mid-1980s, small electrochemical sensor began to be devoted into detecting a variety of different toxic gases within PEL range, and showed great sensitivity and selectivity. Currently, various electrochemical sensors are widely used in many static and mobile applications in order to protect the personal safety. Working principle Electrochemical sensors work by reacting with the gas to be measured, and showing electrical signals reflecting the gas concentration. Typical electrochemical sensor is made up of the sensing electrode( or working electrode) and the counter electrode, separated by a thin electrolytic layer. Firstly, gas reacts with the sensor through tiny capillary-type openings, then reaches the hydrophobic barrier, and ultimately reaches the electrode surface. Using this method allows an appropriate amount of gas reacts with the sensing electrode to form a sufficient electrical signal while preventing electrolyte leaks out the sensor. Gas spreading through the barrier reacts with the sensing electrode, and the sensing electrode can take the oxidation mechanism or reduction mechanism. These reactions are carried out by the design of the electrode material for the gas to be measured and catalysis. Electrical current proportional to the measured gas flows between the positive electrode and the negative electrode through a resistor connected between the electrodes. As this process creates electrical current, the electrochemical sensor is always called current gas sensor or micro fuel cells. In practice, since the electrode surface reacts continuously, the sensing electrode potential cannot be maintained constant, after a longer period of time, it will result in the degradation of sensor performance. In order to improve sensor performance, people introduces reference electrode in the sensor. The reference electrode is mounted in the electrodes nears the sensing electrodes, The fixed stable potentiostatic acting as the sensor electrode. Reference electrode can be maintained on such a fixed voltage value in the sensor electrode. There is no current flows between the reference electrodes. Gas molecules react with the sensing electrode, at the same time, measure the counter electrode. The measurement result is usually directly related to the gas concentration and the voltage value affects on the sensing electrode can be aimed at the target gas. Main components A. Breathable film (also referred as a hydrophobic membrane): breathable membrane is used for covering the sensor (catalytic) electrodes, used in some cases to control the amount of the gas molecular that reaches the surface of electrode. Such barriers are typically made by low-porosity Teflon film and such sensors are called coated sensor. Alternatively, we can also use the high-porosity Teflon membrane covering, using capillary control the amount of the gas molecular reaches the surface of the electrode and such sensors are called capillary type sensor. In addition to providing mechanical protection for the sensor, the film also has the function of filtering out unwanted particles. In order to send the correct amount of the gas molecules, we need to choose the right film and capillary aperture size. Aperture size should be able to allow a sufficient amount of the gas molecules to reach the sensing electrode. The aperture size should also prevent leakage of liquid electrolyte or dry too quickly. B. Electrode: selecting electrode materials is very important. The electrode material should be a kind of catalytic material, to be able to perform the semi-electrolytic reaction in a long period of time. Typically, the electrode is manufactured by noble metal, such as platinum or gold, reacts with gas molecules after catalysis. Depending on the design of the sensor may be, for the completion of the electrolysis reaction, three kinds of different materials of electrodes may be used. C. Electrolyte: The electrolyte must have enough promotion to electrolysis reaction, and transfer the ionic charge to the electrode effectively. It also must be able to form stable reference potential with reference electrode and be suitable to the materials used in the sensor. If the electrolyte evaporates too quickly, the sensor signal will be weakened. D. Filters: Sometimes the front of the sensor will be installed with the washing filter to filter out unwanted gas. There are limited selections for fileters, different filter has different efficiency degree. Most commonly used filter medium is activated carbon, and activated carbon can filter out most of the chemicals, but cannot filter out carbon monoxide. By selecting the correct medium, electrochemical sensors may have a higher selectivity for its target gas. The electrochemical sensor manufactured in many ways, ultimately depends on the gases to detect and manufacturers. However, the main characteristics of the sensor is very similar in essence. Here are some of the common characteristics of the electro-chemical sensors: 1. The three-electrode sensors, usually use a jumper to connect the working electrode and reference electrode. If remove it during storage process and it takes a long time for the sensor to maintain stable and ready for use. Some sensors require a bias voltage exists between the electrodes and in this case, the sensor is manufactured with a nine volt battery powered electronic circuit. The sensor stability requires 30minutes to 24 hours, and requires three weeks time to continue to remain stable. 2. Most of the toxic gas sensors require a small amount of oxygen to maintain the normal function. The sensor equipped with an air vent on the back in order to achieve this object. Our recommendation is to perform a re-examination with manufacturers in the use of non-oxygen background gas applications. 3. The electrolyte of the battery in the sensor is an aqueous solvent to be isolated, the hydrophobic barrier prevents leakage from the aqueous solvent. However, like other gas molecules, water vapor can pass through the hydrophobic barrier. In high humidity conditions, the prolonged exposure may result in the accumulation of excess moisture and cause leaks. Under low humidity conditions, the sensor may dry. Designed for monitoring a high gas concentration sensor having a lower porosity barrier to limit the gas molecules passing through, so that it does not affect by humidity, and like those monitoring low concentration gas, such sensors have a higher porosity barrier and allows gas molecules to flow freely. Pressure and temperature The electrochemical sensor pressure changes with impact minimally. However, due to the differential pressure may damage the sensor, so the entire sensor must maintain the same pressure. Electrochemical sensor is also very sensitive to temperature, and usually takes the internal temperature compensation. So it is best to try to keep the standard temperature. In general, when the temperature is above 25 Â ° C, the sensor readings are higher; below 25 Â ° C, lower readings. The error by temperature effect is usually from 0.5 to 1.0% per degree Celsius, depending on the manufacturer and the sensor type. Selectivity The electrochemical sensor usually has a high selectivity to its objectives. The degree of selectivity is dependent on the sensor type, objective gas, concentration of the target gas to be detected. The best electrochemical sensor is a sensor of the detection of oxygen, it has a good selectivity, reliability and a longer life expectancy. Other electrochemical sensors are susceptible to interference from other gases. Interference data can be drawn by a relatively low concentration of the gas calculated. In practical applications, the interference concentrations may be high to mislead signal make false readings or false alarms. Reference Electrodes Typically, use of reference electrode is to remain at a constant potential, thus behaving independently from the properties of the working electrode and those of the solution being measured. This separation method between reference electrodes and working electrodes is the basis of accurate electrochemical measurements for a great amount of applications, Example: Solid-State Reference Electrodes Reference electrodes have been put in use in a variety of industries, but usually traditional reference electrode composition is not adequately effective and fails to work properly when subjected to harsh industrial processes. Traditional reference electrodes depend upon a liquid solution for appropriate potential measurements. Liquid solution-based reference electrodes are in widespread use; however, successful miniaturization and mass production is severely limited by continual maintenance as well as contamination control. The alternative is a solid-state reference electrode (SSRE), but typically these devices cannot compete adequately with the reproducibility of liquid-based reference electrodes or be mass-produced consistently. Recently, a novel SSRE was developed using a polyelectrolyte junction and was able to fabricate a SSRE and a pH-sensing chip that displayed excellent reproducibility between synthetic batches, instant stabilization time, and superior sensing characteristic s and can be readily miniaturized for affordable mass-production. By using a solid KCl melt in conjunction with an Ag/AgCl component, in order to use in beverage industry applications. This SSRE has a wide range of pH use, stable potentials, and small drift potentials. The reported stability and life time of this reference electrode make it particularly applicable for the food industry. In addition to food industry, engine diagnostics are utilizing SSRE to assess efficiency. Potentiometric sensors Potentiometric sensors have usually been defined as a zero-current technique to measure the potential across an interface, oftentimes a membrane. As now, research has been focused on highlighting the significance of membrane composition using carbon pastes and polyvinyl chloride as well as unique ionophores specifically designed for targeted species. Example:Ion selective Scientists in this field are facing a challenge ranging from medicinal chemistry to environmental toxicity is that novel ion selective electrodes (ISEs). ISEs typically use an ionophore as the sensing platform to ensure selectivity to a specific ion of target. The increasing use of heavy metal and ion in industrial processes makes ion selective sensors important for the appropriate sensing and quantification of potential pollutants. Use and research were divided into cations, anions, and neutral species and got great achievements. Voltammetric sensors Voltammetry provides an electroanalytical method for deriving information about one or more analytes by measuring the current as a function of the potential. Several types of experiments may be performed to gather information from voltammetry including cyclic voltammetry, squarewave voltammetry, and stripping voltammetry to name a few common techniques. Example: Carbon Based Materials Carbon based electrodes have been widely used in voltammetric research because of low cost, availability, stability, and the ability to easily modify the morphology of carbon. There are a number of carbon-based electrodes including glassy carbon. Polycrystalline boron doped diamond, carbon nanotubes, and most recently grapheme. Through the detection of the neurotransmitter serotonin, they found that pristine carbon nanotubes networks exhibited background current densities that were 2 orders of magnitude lower than glassy carbon and 20 times lower than polycrystalline boron doped diamond. Numerous advantages of using carbon as an electrode tip including mechanical strength and inhibition of water electrolysis. Amperometric sensors During an amperometric measurement, the working electrode, or sensor , is held at a constant potential while the current is monitored. The current is then related to the concentration of the analyte present. Example: Novel materials/ composites Use of new materials, especially manomaterials, has become an increase of research in electrochemical sensors. The incorporation of these manomaterials in conjunction with one another to form novel composites is particularly interesting, as many of these materials have been found to have synergistic effects. Electrospun carbon nanofibers provide more edge sites on the outer wall than carbon nanotubes, which may lead to more facile electron transfer, better dispersion, and better wettability. And the low cost, facile construction, high sensitivity, and lack of pretreatment make it appealing for future electrochemical sensing application.

The Age of Turbulence

Alan Greenspan published â€Å"The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World† on September 17, 2007 and the first half of the work is an autobiographical chronology of his life. It gives readers a chance to view the people and circumstances that can help and guide Greenspan as he grew up.The second half of the book states the major economic events that have occurred over the past half century. He details his life under different U.S. Presidents as well as economic systems including the Marxist Communism, Populism, as well as Market Capitalism.According to Greenspan, free market capitalism is the economic approach that will trump other approaches. Based on Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand’ which is the people’s motivational self-interest which is important in his view of building a successful economy.In the book he discusses the fast historical growth of the U.S. economy under the market capitalism as well as its benefit to the other foreigners. Inters persed in the material is Greenspan’s lack of quality public secondary education for the masses especially in the field of sciences and mathematics and it role in the divergence of rich and poor in the U.S.Greenspan hits hard as he criticizes President Bush, VP Cheney and Republican-controlled Congress for abandoning the traditional tenets of fiscal discipline. Included in his argument is the President’s refusal to veto new Federal legislation which increases the spending easily. According to him, Bush approach has been one of â€Å"conflict avoidance† and attending to political agendas leaving no room for reason.It is President Gerald Ford whom he praises above all the other presidents including former President Clinton calling his governance as characterized as a consistent disciplined focus on long-term economic growth.† Even at the age of 81, Greenspan has strong opinions about several issues and is saddened that it is politically difficult to admit th at in truth, the Iraq war is mainly about oil. His comments about the war can be shocking as he reveals that there could be about 1.2 million people could have died because of this conflict in Iraq.According to a Washington Post columnist, people will most likely agree that Greenspan’s greatest contribution is that of the policy maker who, â€Å"through the power of his office, the force of his intellect, and the cunning behind-the-scenes maneuvering, engineered the wholesale deregulation of the US banking and financial system†.With regard to legacy, his most important legacy is that of making the US economy â€Å"more prone to asset bubbles, corporate scandals and financial crises, but robust enough to absorb such shocks while continuing to deliver long-term economic growth† (Pearlstein, 2006, p. D01).He was elected to third consecutive term in 1996. One of the highlights of this term is said to be the crucial role he played during the financial crisis that hit Asia and Russia.With the world financial system under threat, Greenspan is said to have gone against the conventional wisdom of raising interest rates, and instead convinced his Fed colleagues to do the reverse and support him in pushing for three consecutive interest rate cuts. That unexpected move is said to have been instrumental in pumping capital flows into the world economy and averted a recession in the US and many parts of the world.Moreover, Greenspan is said to have collaborated with the then secretary of the treasury Robert Rubin in inspiring confidence in the national economy, so much so that in 1998, unemployment levels were at 24-year lows, inflation levels were at 11-year lows, and consumer confidence was highest compared to the past 30 years.According to a Washington Post columnist, people will most likely agree that Greenspan’s greatest contribution is that of the policy maker who, â€Å"through the power of his office, the force of his intellect, and the c unning behind-the-scenes maneuvering, engineered the wholesale deregulation of the US banking and financial system†.With regard to legacy, his most important legacy is that of making the US economy â€Å"more prone to asset bubbles, corporate scandals and financial crises, but robust enough to absorb such shocks while continuing to deliver long-term economic growth† (Pearlstein, 2006, p. D01).Some examples demonstrate the Greenspan standard in action. From 1994 to early 1995, for example, Greenspan was said to have launched a series of preemptive moves to tighten the monetary policy to ward off the threat of a trend towards rising inflation, in the form of increased interest rates. While the move to raise rates were said to have initially shocked the market, such moves were said to be a clear statement of the Fed’s seriousness to tame inflation.As a testament to his flexibility, he then eased rates towards late 1995 when the economy showed signs of abrupt weakeni ng, thus pumping money into the economy and avoiding a slowdown in economic activities (Yu, n.d., p. 5).Another example of Greenspan’s prescience was in 1998, when the Fed introduced rate cuts in three consecutive months from September to November, amidst signs of an economic slowdown. Such moves are said to have influenced European central banks to make similar rate cuts to avert a greater slowdown in the economies of Europe.Virtually every intellectual sector in the United States and the rest of the world has heaped praise on the singularly successful steering of monetary policy by Alan Greenspan during his term as chairman of the US Federal Reserve Board. Blinder and Reis, in a paper out of Princeton notes the following:No one has yet credited Alan Greenspan with the fall of the Soviet Union or the rise of the Boston Red Sox, although both may come in time as the legend grows. But within the domain of monetary policy, Greenspan has been central to just about everything tha t has transpired in the practical world since 1987and to some of the major developments in the academic world as well (Blinder and Reis, 2005, p. 1).Indeed, the book examines his views on these issues. To wit, Greenspan presided over an era marked by the Black Friday stock market crash in 1987, the wars in Kuwait in 1990 and the Iraq war in 2000, a global financial crisis in 1997 and 1998, â€Å"the biggest financial bubble in history†, a productivity growth turnaound that started in 1995, and the threat of deflation in 2003 (Blinder and Reis, 2005, pp. 1-2), and successfully hurdled them all to the benefit of the US and world economies.On the other end, some quarters have also been critical of the tenure of Alan Greenspan. One quarter argues that Greenspan leaves the Fed with a legacy of debt that will have long-term adverse impacts on the US and world economies. Specifically, a study notes that such a legacy of debt by Greenspan has â€Å"potential adverse consequencesâ₠¬ .Basically, the line of reasoning is that foreign creditors could start to question how America will be able to pay future interest and dividend payments without resorting to â€Å"printing dollars†, and such could result on a run on the dollar. The run on the dollar can then lead to a rise in interest rates, which could hurt the housing market and cause mortgage defaults to rise. Such a rise in defaults could then cripple the banking system, making Federal rate cuts less effective in steering the economy.I think that on balance, those who have been heaping accolades on Mr. Greenspan’s performance at the helm of the Federal Reserve Board have reason to do so. The Greenspan era was one that was characterized by the singular success of the policies of Mr. Greenspan to steer the US economy to its current state of prosperity.Basically, my take on the Greenspan standard is that Mr. Greenspan’s policies are based on intelligent, period-by-period assessments of the state of the economy, and making adjustments to monetary as needed, discarding old assumptions that are not in tune to reality and keeping close tabs to what is actually happening moment by moment. The Greenspan standard seems just another way of saying that Mr. Greenspan kept a close watch of the economy and did everything at his disposal to make sure that monetary policy is cautiously and prudently managed.The criticism regarding Mr. Greenspan’s legacy as one of it being a legacy of debt is simplistic. The argument is predicated on the withdrawal of trust by creditors in the ability of the US to pay its debt obligations, and on the collapse of the housing market. It is simplistic because it fails to consider that the macro economy is dependent on factors other than housing.Also, it is simplistic because the argument does not take into consideration the probability of a debt default happening, which is the main event that detractors say will touch off a series of cascading e ffects leading to the weakened ability of interest rates tweaking in controlling the economy.He mentions in the book that the rate of technological innovation is slowing down. He is pessimistic about the prospects that the United States is facing. He is able to predict that there are advances in the information technology and this will permanently increase the economy’s growth capacity.   Greenspan was able to keep interest rates low so that the economy could reach its potential. Greenspan was vindicated because in the years after that, the productivity figures started rising consistently.By and large, Greenspan’s memoir is an interesting read that makes readers enlightened about his life in the context of the Sept. 11 bombing. He is a man who also influenced the nation as he traces his early roots, as well as his training as an economist and finally his job as the Fed Chairman.His experience in the dotcom era manifests to him that the best way to control a speculati ve boom is to prevent it from developing from the very start. What makes the book an engaging material is the fact that he relied on the use of formal mathematical models together with a set of assumptions that can be identified with data. He stated his own predictions about the future and concluded that in the end, it is man’s ability to transcend the sufferings and trials that ultimately matters in the end.REFERENCESBlinder, A.S and Reis, R. (2005). Understanding the Greenspan Standard. Princeton University. Retrieved April 6, 2008 at: http://www.kc.frb.org/PUBLICAT/SYMPOS/2005/PDF/BlinderReis.paper.0914.pdfGreenspan, Alan. The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World. Allen Lane (17 Sep 2007) Pearstein, S. (2006). The Laissez-Fairest of them all. Washington Post. 20 January 2006. Retrieved April 6, 2008 at: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/19/AR2006011903180.htmlYu, H. (n.d.). Alan Greenspan. University of Florida. Retrieved April 6, 2008 at : http://bear.cba.ufl.edu/demiroglu/fin4504fall2004/Articles/Greenspan.pdf

Most Noticeable Possible Essay Topics

Most Noticeable Possible Essay Topics When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential issue to do is to select a topic and an argument that you could really get behind. The primary goal of topic choice for a proposal essay is to demonstrate the idea can be put into place in practice. The point is that someone with a wide ranging vocabulary ought to be in a position to chat about any of the usual essay topics easily using words that are particular to that topic. Therefore, to write a great essay you must brainstorm all thoughts concerning your life experiences. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tricky to discover. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole. Facts, ultimately, will always win out against how folks are feeling at a specific moment. Some folks claim that the aim of politics ought to be the pursuit of an ideal. They believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. At the exact same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a very good cause and effect essay topic. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. On the opposing side, obtaining a list of good persuasive essay topics is insufficient. Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. At times you might require some expert h elp with argumentative essay topics. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. To put it differently, the essay should say how you intend to get ready for class. Narrative essays serve wide range of purposes. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. Individual schools sometimes need supplemental essays. In such situations, you wouldn't have the ability to create excellent essays for your university. Enable the professional academic writers help to your informative paper! Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. Now compose the sentence in which you say the method by which the quotation proved the topic sentence that supports your general thesis. You shouldn't write diverse paragraphs that might appear to be meaningless. The introductory paragraph needs to be attractive and it needs to be written in a catchy way. The Bad Side of Possible Essay Topics Next, you must get started reviewing the important facts to keep in mind about each event on your list. The majority of the questions are on current topics, therefore staying updated with what's going on in the world is really going to help you think of ideas. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something wh ich you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. Have a look at each question carefully and take a small time to work out the topic and what type of answer is going to be expected. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Many argue that vocabulary isn't important but an excellent vocabulary can help you in expressing just the significance of the speech or thoughts. Your stories aren't debatable. You should always work to boost your reading volume so that you are able to raise your knowledge level. Possible Essay Topics: No Longer a Mystery Many students have a tendency to encounter the writing issues due to the dearth of suitable comprehension. In other words, a proposal essay identifies an issue and suggests a remedy to that issue. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to individuals who are really interested in how you are going to manage the subsequent four years by yourself. The Ultimate Possible Essay Topics Trick Colleges are not searching for perfect folks. They are more likely to admit students who can articulate specific reasons why the school is a good fit for them beyond its reputation or ranking on any list. Some people think that universities should require every student to have a range of courses beyond the student's field of study. College students should base their selection of an area of study on the access to work in that area.

Business Analysis THe Case of Costco Company - 554 Words

Key Issues: At the end of 2012, Costco was a successful business, but there are some issues that they would need to deal with. These issues mainly arise from their previous successful ventures as a warehouse wholesale company. The first issue is that Costco has competitors that can actually be and are a threat to their success. Competition allows a company to improve itself and prove its prowess to its customers. However, when a competitor is able to provide the service at a much reduced cost, problems will arise. As for the second issue, it seems that Costco’s efforts to become an international company are moving slowly. They have not reached a point where their US and Canadian warehouses provide a backbone for their finances. Costco’s third issue is that their finances are too reliant on acquiring new members and not on selling their products. If they cannot keep acquiring new members at a steady rate, their financial infrastructure could suffer. Analysis: Key Issue #1: Costco has many competitors with the primary two being Sam’s Club, a warehouse wholesale business being managed by Walmart, and BJ’s warehouse. Sam’s Club is offering the same services as Costco. They offer their customers lower prices than traditional stores and like Costco they sell their products in bulk to keep members interested. What makes them a threat to Costco is the cost of becoming a member to shop at their stores. For Costco’s basic membership, known as a Business membership, a priceShow MoreRelatedCostco Wholesale Corporation: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy1309 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis 1 Costco Wholesale Corporation: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy Renee Francia Strategic Human Resources BME 0939883 May 2013 Term Company Background Costco Wholesale Corporation (Costco) is a retail membership warehouse chain which was founded by Jim Sinegal and Jeff Brotman in 1983. Headquartered out of Issaquah, Washington, Costco has grown in to one of the largest wholesale giants in the industry. The company’s business model was to generate highRead MoreCostco Wholesale Is A Multi Billon Dollar Global Warehouse Retailer1157 Words   |  5 Pages Costco Case Study Ritchie Vu, Michelle Nijjar, Darashveer Banga BADM 1020 Jalal Bhuiyan Introduction Costco Wholesale is a multi-billon dollar global warehouse retailer with more than 540 stores, and 53 million cardholders in eight countries. Also, Costco is a membership warehouse club in which the industry is dedicated to bringing members the best possible prices on quality, brand-name merchandise. With hundreds of stores located world wide, Costco provides the convenience ofRead Morecostco financial1274 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Appendix B: Financial analysis Financial analysis is the mean to clarify most important factors that affected Costco performance and resulted in companies’ success. In order to reach that goal, we studied financial performance of Costco for 2008 to 2012. These data obtained from different sources such as Costco annual reports and other respectable financial sources. At some levels comparison between leading companies in the industry such as Sam’s club and Bj’s has been made. The major problemRead MoreCostco External Industry Analysis1660 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Costco has grown from a single location in Seattle, Washington and is now the largest membership based retailer and currently the 6th largest overall retailer in the United States. In 2011, Costco saw a 10% increase in sales and in 2012, Costco is planning on opening 14 new store locations, three of which will be outside of the US. Costco is no longer a small local retailer but now an international company with different threats and opportunities. As the company continues to grow, itRead MoreCase Study 1: Costco Wholesale in 20121095 Words   |  5 PagesKey Issues: At the end of 2012, Costco was a successful business; however there are some issues that they would need to deal with. These issues mainly arise from their previous successful ventures as a warehouse wholesale company. The first issue is that Costco has competitors that can actually be and are a threat to their success. Competition allows a company to improve itself and prove its prowess to its customers. However, when a competitor is able to provide the service at a much reduced costRead MoreCostco Wholesale Case Study Essay example1695 Words   |  7 Pagesis to analyze Costco Wholesale Corporation’s financial performance and to assess how efficient the business has been over a five year period as well as to provide recommendation for financial management strategy. The problem identified in this paper is the low margins in the industry. 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Use the information in Figures 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, and 3.8 (and the related chapter discussions on pp. 57-70) to do complete five-force analysis of competition in the North American wholesale club industry. 2. Do all three warehouse club rivals—Costco, Sam’s, and BJ’s Wholesale—have highly similar strategies? What differences in their strategies are apparent? Does one rival have a better strategy than the others? Does one rival have a somewhatRead MoreManagement Styles Of Costco And Wal Mart1287 Words   |  6 Pagespart of a company. The way executives chose to lead a company can affect the path which it takes, whether it is good or bad, that is up to management and their leaders. The following discussion on the management and corporate structures of Wal-Mart and Costco will be evidence for how Wal-Mart could benefit from using some of Costco s corporate business practices. The management styles of Costco and Wal-Mart will be analyzed in the following paper that has been researched. The analysis of this topicRead MoreCostco mini case study1276 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Case 2 questions-Costco 1. What is Costco’s business model? Is the company’s business model appealing? Why or why not? Generating high sales volume and rapid inventory turnover by offering fee-paying members low prices on nationally branded and private-label products. Yes, it is appealing because the fees paid by members allowed for sufficient supplemental revenues while the turnover rates allowed Costco to receive cash for inventory before it had to pay many of its merchandise vendors. 2